In the middle of
the 18th century, the English optician and glass expert, Dollond, managed to
eliminate the shortcomings of the first microscopes. He glued two lenses,
collective one and diffusing, which were made of different kinds of glass. The
result was a magnifying glass that no longer gave a colored glow. Now it was
possible to build microscopes with many magnifying glasses and a very large
magnification. Soon, good microscopes gave a magnification of a thousand times.
The microscope has now become, as it were, the eye of a scientist.
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| Levenguk microscope |
A biologist
cannot do without a microscope: how else does he learn the secrets of the cell?
But all life consists of cells - a person and a lizard, and a flower. The
doctor fights diseases that are caused by bacteria, and they are so small that
they can only be seen through a microscope. So all modern medicine can be said
to owe its existence to a microscope. A physicist, chemist, geologist, and
mineralogist also cannot do without a microscope: in order to study a substance
properly, it is imperative to understand the structure of its smallest
particles - crystals.
It is impossible
to tell about all the merits of a microscope. No science can do without his
assistance now. And this is understandable: it shows the structure of matter,
its innermost secrets. That is what significance a glass lens in combination
with a magnifier assumed.
 |
Electron microscope
|
However, no
matter how good is a microscope with glass optics, it cannot give a
magnification beyond a certain limit. Scientists tend to penetrate deeper and
deeper into the world of infinitely small organisms and the structure of
matter. To achieve a magnification of 20 thousand times or more, scientists
succeeded by creating an electron microscope. Glass lenses in it are replaced
by electromagnetic ones, and light rays are replaced by a stream of electrons
emitted by an electron gun.
Margaret
Thursday, August 22, 2019
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